How Telegram Bots Work Using Python and SQLite3

Resources 5 months ago

How Telegram Bots Work Using Python and SQLite3

Telegram bots can be built with Python, which provides a simple and flexible environment for bot development. SQLite3 is used to manage the database, allowing you to handle user data, history, and bot functions efficiently.

Below is a detailed guide to creating a Telegram bot using Python and SQLite3 with standard libraries.

1. Project Initialization

First, you need to install the necessary libraries and set up your project structure.

Required Libraries:

python-telegram-bot: For interacting with the Telegram API.
sqlite3: For database management (built into Python).

Install the required library:

File Structure:

2. Registering a Bot on Telegram

To create a bot on Telegram:

Open BotFather in Telegram.
Send the /newbot command.
Provide the bot's name and username.
You will receive an API token.

Store the API token in a config.py file:

3. Configuring SQLite3 Database

Creating the Database:

python

# database.py
import sqlite3

def init_db():
    conn = sqlite3.connect("bot_database.db")
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    
    # Create a table for storing user data
    cursor.execute("""
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
        telegram_id INTEGER UNIQUE,
        username TEXT,
        joined_date TEXT
    )
    """)
    
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

def add_user(telegram_id, username, joined_date):
    conn = sqlite3.connect("bot_database.db")
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("""
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO users (telegram_id, username, joined_date)
    VALUES (?, ?, ?)
    """, (telegram_id, username, joined_date))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

4. Bot's Core Logic

Setting Up the Bot:

python

# main.py
from telegram import Update
from telegram.ext import Updater, CommandHandler, MessageHandler, Filters, CallbackContext
from database import init_db, add_user
import datetime

# Import API token
from config import API_TOKEN

# Initialize the database
init_db()

# Handle the /start command
def start(update: Update, context: CallbackContext) -> None:
    user = update.effective_user
    telegram_id = user.id
    username = user.username or "No Username"
    joined_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

    # Add user to the database
    add_user(telegram_id, username, joined_date)

    update.message.reply_text(f"Hello, {username}! You've successfully registered with the bot.")

# Echo message handler
def echo(update: Update, context: CallbackContext) -> None:
    update.message.reply_text(f"You said: {update.message.text}")

# Main function to run the bot
def main():
    updater = Updater(API_TOKEN)
    dispatcher = updater.dispatcher

    # Add CommandHandler for /start
    dispatcher.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))

    # Add MessageHandler for echoing text messages
    dispatcher.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.text & ~Filters.command, echo))

    # Start the bot
    updater.start_polling()
    updater.idle()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

5. Explanation of Standard Libraries

Python Standard Libraries:

sqlite3:
- Used for database management.
- Performs operations like inserting, retrieving, and updating data using SQL queries.
Example:

python

conn = sqlite3.connect("example.db") cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users") rows = cursor.fetchall()
datetime:
- Used for handling dates and times.
- Provides formatting and timestamp functionality.
Example:

python

import datetime now = datetime.datetime.now() formatted_date = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
os:
- Helps in managing files and directories.
Example:

python

import os if not os.path.exists("data"): os.mkdir("data")

6. Testing the Bot

Run the bot:

bash

python main.py
Open Telegram, find your bot, and send the /start command.

7. Conclusion

This example is a simple yet functional bot implementation. It allows you to create a Telegram bot that stores user data in an SQLite3 database and responds to messages.

Need more details? Feel free to ask! 😊

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How Telegram Bots Work Using Python and SQLite3